The Presence of Heavy Metals in Urban Sources of Water Supply in Lokoja Metropolis

Abstract

This study focuses on the presence of heavy metals in urban sources of water supply in Lokoja metropolis. The primary source of data for this study were questionnaire and laboratory analysis for heavy metals while the secondary sources were from journal, texts, articles as well as other research materials relevant to the study. A total of 784 questionnaires were distributed in the study area. 290 questionnaire were administered in Lokoja, 47 in Adankolo new layout, 78 in phase I & phase II/Zone 8, 117 in Crusher/Felele, 47 in Zango daji, 43 in Army Barracks environs and 188 questionnaires were equally administered in Gadumo/Ganaja area respectively. Hence, from findings, the main sources of urban water supply in the area are borehole, hand dug well and pipe borne water. The resident of these areas utilizes water for various purposes such as; washing, cooking, bathing, and flushing toilets etc. There is also high concentration of six heavy metals which includes; Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Iron, Zink and nickel in the water of the area; which could have a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of the people of the area. Thus, the factors that affect urban water supply in the area are; distribution network problem, epileptic power supply, increase in demand and low supply, seasonality and distance from sources of water.